Disk-harrow



(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sham: 1.

C. LA DOW.

DISK HARROW. No. 338,982. Patented Mar. 30. 1886.

N. PETERS4 Fhowumognphnr, wammgxun. u. a.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 3.

o. LA DOW.

DISK HARROW.

No. 338,982. Patented Mar. 30, 1886.

9 Sheets-Sheet 4. C. LA DOW.

DISK HARROW.

(No Model.)

Patented Mer. 30, 1886.

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9 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

C. LA DOW. l:DISK HARRGW.

No. 338,982. Patntea Mar. 3o, 18m

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N. PETERS, PhaIo-Llbographar, Wuxhnsfofk DAC.

9 sheetssnmv 6. C. LA DOW.

DISK HARROW.

(No Model.)

Patented Mar. 30, 1886.

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l 9 sheets-sheet 7. C. LA DOW.

DISK HARROW.

(N0 Model.)

g Patented Mar. 30,1886.

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` 9 Sheets-Sheet 8.

(No Modem C. LA DOW. DISKl HARROW.

Patented Mar. 30, 1886. -'nlgQ/.

No.l 338,982.

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DISK HARROW.

fafa. Patented Mar. 30, 1886. :lgni I* Y, Fig); l N

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES LA DOW, OF ALBANY, NEV YORK.

DISK-HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 338,982. dated March 3D, 1886.

Application tiled January 8l, 1884. Serial No. 119,350. (No model.)

To all whomfwz't may concern.:

Be it known that l, CHARLES LA DOW, o Albany, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Disk-Harrows, and l do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, having reference to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification.

In the d rawings forming a part of this specication, Figure 1 is a plan view of a barrow embodying my improvements in the preferred form, showing in dotted lines that the gangs may be angularly adjusted either in front or in rear ofa right angle relatively to the pole, also showing by dotted lilies the lateral movement that the gangs derive through the parallel arms by which they are pivoted to the main frame. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same with outside disk removed. Fig. 3 is a transverse section thereof'7 taken longitudinally through the draft-frame in the line y y ot` Fig. 1, and showing by dotted circle-lines how the gangs may be reversed on their pivots. Fig. 4 is a section of the pole, showing the slide andA its way thereon. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the slide and way. Fig. 6 is a detached view of a portion of the diskgang frame with one of the segmental guideplates shown thereon. Fig. 7 is a detached view of one section of the draft-frame and disk-gang frame with the circle turn-plates and segmental guide-plates thereon and arranged to interlock with each other. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of thc draft-frame A and its adjoining disk-gang or yoke-frame N, taken in the line z z of Fig. 7, showing the buttons F and F. Fig. 9 is a side view of one of the journal-boxes and metal straps pivoting said box to the disk-gang or yoke-frame. Fig. 10 is a vertical central section of said journalbox, showing its interior construction. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the lower member of said journal-box. Fig. 12 is a plan view of a harrow, exhibiting some modifications in my said improvements, in which the gangs are pivoted to an auxiliary and laterally-moving frame interposed between them and the main frame. Fig. 18 is a side elevation of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a view of the harrow shown in Fig. 12, but with the disk-gangs reversed aud set (as shown in dotted lines) at a different angle relatively to the line of draft from what is shown in Fig. 12, oi, in other words, back of a right angle relatively to the pole. Fig. 15 is a detached view of the sectional draft-frame, taken in theline .rx ofFig. 14, showing the connection otl the sectional draft-frame to the pole by a single pivot, C. Fig. 16 is a detached view ot' one of the sections ofthe main or draft frame. Fig. 17 is a cross-section of the form of harrow shown in Figs. 12 and 14, ta-ken in the line x a; of Fig. 14, the swinging disk-gang or yoke-bar and parallel links, however, heing arranged underneath the draft-frame, and having the parallel arms pivoted to the vertical sides of the main and supplementary frames. Fig. 18 is a plan view of the construction referred to in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is an elevation ofthe sectional draftframe and the same construction as re ferred to in Figs. 17 and 1S, wit-h the exception that the supplementary har is arranged so that it will slide between rolls underneath the draft-frame, instead ot' having a swinging motion thereon, and the yoke is pivoted to the rear vertical side of the sliding supplemental-y bar, and can be reversed thereon. Fig. 2() is a vertical crosssection of the draft frame as shown in Fig. 19, ttken in the line :c x of Fig. 19, the ilanges of the rollers embracing the supplementary bar, thus affording an anti-friction device to enable the supplementary bar to have an easy lateral movement. Fig. 21 is a top view ot' the modification shown in Figs. 19 and 20. Fig. 22 shows the same construction as found in Fig. 12, with the exception that the draft-frame sections are composed of bars of metal instead of wood, and the parallel arms are bifurcated to embrace their `frames. Fig. 23 is a view of the draft-frame containing the swinging yoke-bar immediately underneath it, and attached to each end thereof is a haudlever mechanism to move and hold the supplementary frames in different positions relatively to the main frame. Fig. 24 is a cross-section taken through the line x .t iu Fig. 23. Fig. 25 is a crossfsection of the bifurcatcd parallel arm, shown also in Fig. 22. Fig. 26 is a top or plan view of the draft-frame shown in the modification, Figs. 23 and 24. Fig. 27 is a IOS View of my improved barrow, showing a modiication in the lever mechanism placed on the pole to vary the angles of the disk-gangs relatively to the line of draft, also showing that the supplementary frames may have lateral motion through slots in the main frame provided for that purpose. Fig. 28 is a longitudinal central section of the modification shown in Fig. 27. Fig. 29 is averticallongitudinal section taken in the line x .r of Fig. 27. Figs. 30 and 3l are two views of ways of pivoting and bracing the draft-frame sections to the pole by a pivot for each gang. Fig. 32 shows a rear elevation of a modification of my invention. Fig. 33 is a rear elevation of the same construction, but having the gangs reversed. Fig. 34 is a side View of Fig. 33. Figs. 35 and 36 are details of Fig. 32. Fig. 37 is a top View of Fig. 32. Fig. 38 is a rear view of a modification of Fig. 32. Fig. 39 represents an end View of Fig. 38. Fig. 40 represents a top View of Fig. 38. Fig. 41 represents a rear elevation of another modification of my invention,having a double pivotjoint between the sections at the pole. Fig. 42 is a top View of the same. Fig. 43 is an end view of Fig. 4l. Figs. 44 and 45 are detail views of the double pivot-joint for coupling the sections to the pole. Figs. 46 and 47 represent rear views of a modification of Figs. 4l and 42. Fig. 48 is an end view of said modi iications, and Fig. 49 is a top View of the same.

It is not deemed necessary to describe in detail the construction of Well-known parts of the disk-harrow to which my improvements relate. The cross-bar or main draft-frame is preferably made in two sections, A A', as shownin Fig. 1, such sections being Vpreferably pivoted to the pole B by a single pivot, C, at their inner ends, the ends overlapping each Vother and circled, as shown in the sectional views, Figs. 15, 1G, and 17; but the sections may be attached as shown in Figs. 37 and 38, or in other well-known ways. The mechanism for varying the angles of t-hese sections is preferably operated by a hand-lever, D, and is composed of a bar or link, E, connected to 'the lower end of the hand-lever .at one end,

and bolted to the slide Fatits other end. This slidevF moves on a way, G, whichway is pref` erably bolted underneath the pole at I I; but the slide may surround' and move on the pole. The bar or link E is slotted at the end connected to the slide. A slotted bar, K, is connected to the lower end of the slide F, and also to the link E. Thelink E can be telescopedthat is, shortened or lengthened-by reason of the bolt and thumb-nut passing through its slotsand connecting it and the said bar Ktogether. This brings the mechanism operated by the hand-lever D in substantially the same horizontal plane as the sectional draft-frame, and cramping or binding of the operating parts during adjustment vis thereby obviated, as they are always in line with eachother, and the side-thrust of the gangs when the machine is turned around is sustained by the pole without as great torsional strain thereon as would ensue if the braces pushed against the pole with a long leverage below its center; but, if desired, the slide and its way may be omitted, and the links from the disk-gangs may be oonnected directly to t-he lever, (which should for su eh construction be placed farther forward on the pole,) as rshown in Fig. 13, and the said links should then be joined at their apex to a link which will telescope between the lever and the apex of the links from the main frame.

Each ofthe diskgangsis connected to one of the sections of the draft-frame through its frameryoke-barnN by a single pivot, O. This not only gives iiexibility to the disk-gang, or, in other words, permits not only of its vibrating to follow the irregularities of the ground, but enables the disk-gang to be reversed for the purpose of throwing the earth either to Ward or from the inner ends ofthe gangs.

In Fig. 12 the disk-gangs are shown in such a position that the earth will be thrown outwardly from the inner ends of the disk-gangs.

In Fig. 14 the disk-gangs are shown inapo* sition the reverse 4from that shown in Fig. 12, and in a position which will cause the earth to be thrown toward the center ofthe harrow.

The disk-gang is preferably connected to the yoke-bar N by two parallel arms, l? l), the said arms being pivoted to the yoke-bar at Q' and to the journal-boxes at Q, as iu Fig. 1. The said arms may,.however, be rigidly attached to the yoke-bar, and more than two arms may be used, and the yoke bar or frame may be of iron and of any desired shape; but I preferthe construction herein shown. The disk-gang axle isjournaled iu these arms at R R in suoli position that it will be supported at two points.

The journal-box is shown in detail in Figs. 9,V 10, andvll. It is composed of two sections, and has an oilreservoir in each section, with a duct leading on to the bearing or axle of the disk-gang therefrom, and operates to supply oil to the bearing equally well when gangs are reversed and box is in reversed position. The sections of the box arejoined at one end by a lock-hinge, so that one bolt only is needed to hold the box together. oted at Q Q, in which the disk-gangs are jou rnaled, as stated, permit such movement of each gang being limited by a wheel, S, placed on the end of the spindle O, such wheel being situated between two disks of the gang. Said wheels may be omitted, if desired, in which case greater range of lateral movement of the gangs can be had. The anti-friction wheels act against the anges on the spools; but they may be made to act against the disks. Vhen the anti-friction wheels are dispensedwith, the spindles need not project in rear of the yoke-bars. Vhen the wheels are omitted, the end-thrust or side pressure of the gangs is resisted by the sides of the journalboxes pressing against flanges on the spools or spacing-thimbleson the axles; but I prefer to use the anti-friction device shown in Fig. 4l, in

The arms P P, piv-Y which the yoke may be so constructed that one of its arms will have its journal on the axle at the convex end of the gang, such arm being rigid with the yoke, as shown in Fig. 41, so that the side-thrust will be met by the end of the axle pressing against the end of said journal-box, and when the gang is reversed this anti friction device is reversed with the gang, and operates equally well in all positions of the gang, as it is always in line with the end ofits axle.

rIhe spindle O may be omitted, and the main frame and yoke may be coupled together by any device that will permit the ends of the gangs to vibrate up and down.

The concave faces of the gangs may be turned inward or outward by transposing the gangs on the main frame; but I prefer Vto re verse them on a pivot.

The diskgang may be prevented from moving in an upward direction in a vertical plane by a button, F, pivoted on the upper side of the draft-framem'hich can be made to engage or disengage with the yoke-bar N, as may be desired. The disk-gang may also be prevented from vibrating in a downward direction in a vertical plane bya similar button, F', being placed in the same position on the draft-frame section on the under side. Vhen the end of such button F is thrown out or engaged with the yokeabar of the disk-gang frame, the diskgang cannot vibrate in a downward direction. IVhen both of these buttons referred to are thrown ont or engaged with the yoke-bar of the disk-gang frame, the disk-gang is prevented from vibrating in either an upward or downward direction and the gangs are rigid with the harrow-frame, and when the buttons are both turned parallel with the yoke-frame the gang can vibrate freely up and down irrespective of the horizontal angle it may occupy relatively to the pole. The stop for one gang -may limit its upward motion independent of the stop for its fellow gang.

In Figs. 1, 12, 14, and 27 the disk-gangs are shown at right angles to the pole. In Figs. 12 and 27 the disk-gangs are shown in dotted lines as having their outer ends in front of a line yat right angles to the pole. In Fig. 14 the outer ends of the disk-gangs are shown in dotted lines in rear of a line at right angles relatively to the pole. In Figs. 1 and 14 the disk-gangs and their frames are connected to the mechanism for varying their angles by means of links U U, having their rear ends attached to the draft-frame sections. The other end of the link U is connected to the mechanism for angling the gangs.

The axis V of each of the disk-gangs may be extended at the concave end in the form of a handle, to aid in reversing it. Between the yoke-bar of each disk-gang frame and its adjacent draft-frame section are two circle turnplates, W. The spindle O passes through these turn-plates. This spindle or pivot is placed nearest to one end of the gang-that is, to one side of a central point between the ends of the gang-axle-in order that when the concave faces of the gangs are turned toward each other there may be greater space between the gangs than when their convex ends are adjacent, as in the latter case nearly all the earth should be cultivated between the gangs, and in the former the gangs should be far enough apart to prevent clogging between their inner ends. The required space between the inner ends of the gangs may also be obtained by adjusting laterally the pivots on which the gangs turn in the manner shown or in any suitable way.

So far as I am aware I am the first to employ independently vibratory gangs capable of being adjusted endwise relatively to the frame and each other in connection with a stop to prevent vertical vibration of the gangs, and therefore my invention is not limited to reversible vibratory gangs.

Vhen the disks are arranged to throw the earth from the center of the machine, l do not employ any abutting buffers or connections whatever between the inner ends of the gangs, but leave them free to vibrate vertically independently of each other. I also arrange the adjacent inner disks of t-he gangs in such relation to each other that when the gangs are set at a working angle relatively to the draftline the forward edges of such inner disks may be brought in close proximity to each other. Concavo-convex disks so arranged give a new and very efficient result, and are especially adapted for splitting rows of corn-hills, so as to throw the earth in opposite directions and thoroughly break up the hills.

I am aware that straight disks have heretofore been arranged in this relation; but I accomplish a different and better result by the use of a concave-convex disk, because owing to the convexity of the two inner disks of the gangs their inner convex surfaces (when the gangs are angled) are in close proximity to each other, and also in substantially parallel planes with each other for some distance back of the forward cutting-edges of the disks, so that those portions of the disks in advance of their axles are in position to make an approximately straight cut through a line of corn'hills. rIhe hills are thereby divided, and the rear portions of the disks are in position to throw the earth in each direction from the center. By the expression close proximity l I mean such a proximity as will adapt the machine to the purpose for which it is designed, as above described.

I am also aware that gangs of concavo-con vex disks have been arranged so that the inner disks were in close proximity to each other; but in such machines contact has been made between the inner ends of the gangs, so as to interfere with the independent revolution of the gangs. In my machine herein described the inner disks are brought close together; but there is no contact between the ends of the gang, and they are preferably free to vibrate vertically independently of each other.

At or near the outer ends of the diskgang ICO or yoke-bar, and between it and the draftframe section, are two segmental circleguideplates, X X. connect the main frame and yoke together and prevent bending of the pivot bolt or spindle on which the gang vibrates; but they do not interfere with the vibration or reversing of the gang. rlhese plates and also the circle turn-plates may be omitted, if desired.

In Figs. 17 and 18 the yoke-bars are placed immediately underneath the sectional draftframe.

The construction and operation are more fully exhibited in Figs. 23, 24, and 25, explained further on.

In Figs. 19 and 20 is shown another modifi` cation, the yoke-bar N being placed underneath the sectional draft-frame. The yokebar N slides back and forth between frictionrolls Y, such rolls having at their` ends ianges Y', which extend over the edges of the draftframe section and yoke-bar. The disk-gangs are pivoted to the yoke-bar Z, circle turnplates being used, and the operation of the disk-gangs being the same as hereinbefore described. rlhe sectional draft-frame may be composed entirely of metal, also the parallel bars, as shown in Fig. 22. The sectional draftframe may be dispensed with and a through cross-bar or main frame in one piece substiparallel bars to the sectional draft-frame, as shown in Figs. 23, 24, and 25-that is to say, in the same way as explained with reference to the construction shown in Fig. 19, except that the yoke-bar shall swing on the parallel bars, as exhibited in Figs. 18 and 19, instead of sliding between anged rolls. Each yokebar is connected to the end of its adjacent section of the draft-frame by means of ahandlever, Z. In this modification each disk-gang can be adjusted endwise by the lever relatively to the pole, either inwardly or outwardly, as may be required, and held in any desired position. Each disk-gang is pivoted to the yoke bar or frame in this modification at A, yand has the circle-plates and the same mode of operation with respect to its vertical vibration, and reversibly, as before explained, with reference to the other figures.

In Figs. 27, 28, and 29 is shown a modification of the hand-lever mechanism by which theangles of thedisk-gangs are varied relatively to the line of draft. The links U U in this modification are connected to the bottom of the lever D, the lever being pivoted between two cast-iron plates,B and O', such lever being operatedby means of a horizontal screwrod, D', passing through the correspondinglythreaded eye, E', in the top of the lever D. By means of the handle F the lever D is operated, and withit the links U U, connected` to the sectional disk-gang frame, in the manner heretofore referred to. The front ends of the links U U work in curved slots H,made in the iron plates, so as to obviate any side-thrust caused by the machine turning around, and so parts securely together.

that the lever may not betwisted off its pivot by such side-thrust. These segmental guide-plates Fig. 32 shows a rear elevation, in which the cross-bar or main frame is in ,one piece, and` is bolted and braced firmly to the under side of the pole. v Beneath the cross-bar are two hangers, on which the ends of the gangs vibrat-e in vertical planes, as shown in dotted lines. Enlargements or washers may be formed on or carried by the adjacent convex ends of the gang-axles. The disks and rspacing-spools are placed on the axle, and a nut at the concave end of the gang clamps all the It is desirable that there should be as little projection as possible from the inner convex ends of gangs, in order 'that said inner convex ends of the gangs may be brought closely together and may vibrate freely independently without making contact between the ends of the gang-axles. This may be accomplished by the construction just described, or in other equivalent ways. These axle enlargements at the convex ends of the gangs serve to resist the strain of the axlenuts at the concave ends of the gangs.

Fig. 33 shows a rear elevation of the same construction, but with the gangs set to throw the earth `toward each other, and the side-thrust is received by the hook-and-eye connection on the Vconcave ends of the gang-axles. tuted. The yoke-bar may be connected by Fig. 35 representsa section of the standard, an. end view of the thimble and its pivots, an

f end of the cross-bar, and the forked bolt connecting the axle of the gang through the me- 'dium of the hollow standard to the cross-bar. `When the nut on top of the forked bolt is screwed down on the cross-bar,the standard is thereby held firmly in place. The gangs vibrate up and down freely on the pivots connecting the thimble to the forked bolt. The gangs are angularly adjusted by the action. of the lever, causing the forked bolt to turn within its standard. When the lever is vertical, the gangs stand at right angles with the pole, and when the lever is moved back or in front of an upright position the gangs are correspondingly moved at angles either in front or in rear ofa right angle relatively to the pole, as may be desired. The gangs can be reversed on their standard by uncoupling thexlink between the gangs, and by also uncoupling the lower ends of the lever-connections from gangaxles and turning the forked bolt withinI its standard, after which the lever-connections IOO IlO

are coupled again to the axles and at the end of Ithegang-opposite from which the link was rst removed. It will be observed that' the gangs are angularly adjusted in Figs. 32 and-33 from a point directly overtheir axles; consequently there is less bodily end- 'wise movement of the gangs either toward or from each other when being angularly adjusted than would be the case were the pivot on which said. movement `is obtained either in front or in rear of the vertical plane of their axles.l lt will also be observed that the gangs vibrate vertically in said figures on a pivot placed on about the same horizontal plane with their axles; consequently there is less bodily swing or endwise motion of the gang when vibrating than would ensue were their pivot of vibration placed either above or below their axles. It will also be observed in said Figs. 32 and 33 that the standard or hanger on which the gang vibrates is connected to its gang at a point nearest one end of the axle, in order to bring the convex ends of the gang near each other and to automatically provide space between the concave ends of the gang when they are reversed on their pivots. Should greater lateral movement be required for the gangs relatively to each other, the nut on top of forked bolt can be loosened, and said bolt and its standard or hanger can be shifted laterally on the cross-bar in slots provided therein for that purpose, as shown in vertical dot ted lines on the back of said cross-bar in Figs. 32 and 33.

Fig. 37 represents a top view of Fig. 32, showing the slots in cross-bar for obtaining lateral shift of the gang, also showing by dotted lines the angles at which the gang may be adjusted, and also showing by circular dotted lines the manner of reversing the gangs on a horizontal plane on their vertical pivots.

Fig. 38 shows a rear view of a modification of Fig. 32, having the gang mounted in a yokeframe which vibrates in vertical planes on a llanger which is pivoted in a slot on the crossar. v

Fig. 39 represents an end view of Fig. 38, and Fig. 4() represents a top view of Fig. 38. Lateral movements of the gangs relatively to each other may be supplied by the slots in the cross-bar and by the holes in the yoke-bar, which is embraced by the bifureated standard. It will be observed that in these last-named figures the gangs are angularly adjusted, and also reversed 011 a vertical pivotwhile they vibrate in vertical planes on a horizontal pivot.

Any forni of standard may be used in the yoke-frames for coupling the axles to their yoke-bars.

Fig. 4l represents arear elevation of a modification of my invention, in which the gangs are each mounted in a yoke-frame consisting of a plank placed above the gang and two hangers extending from the plank to the axle of the gang, and in which the axle revolvesin suitable journal-bearings. 'The plank frame of the yoke is bolted to the socket, as shown in Fig. 44. This socket, Fig. 44, is hinged on the pins shown in bifurcated socket, Fig. 45, the arms of which embrace the top and the bottom of the rear end of the pole, and are hinged thereto by a pin passing down through the pole and the arms of the duplex sockets shown in Fig. 45. Fig. 42 is a top view of this modification of my invention, and shows the gang-beams bolted to their sockets, and said sockets hinged to the duplex sockets and the pin passing vertically through the pole and through said duplex sockets. This view also shows the manner of attaching a lever to the gangs by means of the brace-arms and the socket, which embraces and slides back and forth on the pole when the lever and its link are correspondingly moved.

Fig. 43 represents an end View of the modifieation shown in Figs. 41 and 42. lt will be observed that the gangs are hinged to pins on the lower part of the duplex sockets, and that the shoulders of said sockets abut against the shoulders of the gang-plank sockets when the gangs are in the position shown by shaded lines in Fig. 41, and consequently the weight of the driver from his seat above the pole (shown in Fig. 43) and the pressure of the earth against the concave faces of the disks cannot permit the inner ends of the gangs to ,y

cut deeper than their outer ends; but should an obstruction be encountered by the inner ends of the gangs they can rise to pass it without raising their outer ends.

The dotted lines in Fig. 4l show the position the gangs will assume when passing an obstruction, and the hingeconnection of the braces to the slide on the pole permit this movement.

The dotted lines in Fig. 42 show one of the positions assumed by the gangs whenv augularly adjusted by the lever. Then the inner ends of gangs are unhinged from the duplex sockets, the gangs can be reversed or turned end for end on the pivot -bolts which attach the braces to the gang-planks.

As each gang is provided with means at both ends for hinging to the pole, obviously the gangs may not only be reversed on their pivots, but they may be disconnected from the frame and transposed thereon.

Vhen the gangs shown in Fig. 41 are turned end for end, the pressure of the earth against their concave sides will tend to lift their inner ends; but such tendency is counteracted by the weight of the driver which holds the abutting shoulders of the gang-sockets and duplex sockets together, unless a ridge or other obstruction be met by the inner ends ot' the gangs, when they will raise the weight of the driver until the obstruction is passed, when the drivers weight will force them down to a uniform horizontal plane.

By reference to Fig. 4l it will be seen that the outer standards are also adapted to hinge on and abut against the duplex sockets on the pole. rlhe bolt-heads which fasten the outer standards to their plank are sunk into the plank so that they will not strike the braces when the gangs are caused to swing around when being reversed.

By reference to Fig. 4l it will be observed that the outer standard is placed on the convex side of the outer disk and forms a cap in which to journal the end of the axle, and which effectually resists the end-thrust of the gang in all positions of vertical vibration and angular adjustment, -and whether the convex or concave ends of the gangs are toward each other or not.

IOO

' of the frame in Figs. 46, 47, and 49.

No anti-friction device is shown in Figs. 46 and 47, as in said gures the side-thrust of the gang is resisted bythe collars of the spools bearing against the sides of the journalboXes at the ,bottom of the standards.

Fig. 48 shows an end view of Figs. 46 and 47.

Fig. 49 represents a top View of Figs. 46 and 48, showing in dotted lines how the gangs may be angularly adjusted, and by broken lines how the yoke -frames may be angularly adjusted relatively to the main frame, and by dotted circles how the yoke-frames and gangs may be unhinged from the pins on the duplex sockets and turned end for end on their pivots.

Disk-barrow gangs have heretofore been made angular] y adjustable and vibratory; others have been made angularly adjustable and reversible; but,so far as I am aware,Iani theiirst to combine mechanism which would accomplish the result attained by this invention, the parts of which may be adapted in form and arrangement by anyperson skilled inthe art to suit the manufacturer, as the gangs may be angularly adjusted by other forms of mechanism than those shown in these drawings. The gangs may be reversed on a pivot other than the one on which they vibrate to follow uneven surfaces, and, if desired, may be reversed in a horizontal plane; and other modifications also can be made without departing from the principle of my invention, which contemplates, broadly, such organization as shall enable gangs of disks to coact with any suitable mechanism which shall render the assembled parts capable of performing four functions, which unite in adapting this invention to a greater variety of work than heretofore attained in diskharrows aspreviously constructed-viz.,angular adjustment of the disk-gangs for cutting wide ornarrow furrows,capability of throwing the earth toward or from the center between the gangs, by either reversing the gangs on their pivots or transposing them on the frame for either filling a depression or cutting down a ridge of the surface traversed, vibratory action to enable each gang to conform to the inequalities of the ground, and capacity of the to combine independently-vibrating gangs of v disks with any form of mechanism or with' any arrangement of parts that will permit the endwise adjustment of the gangs relatively to each other when the machine is provided with devices for holding the ngangs fromwibrati'ng vertically when desired; and, so far as I am aware, I am also the first to combine gangs of disks (that are capable of being angularly adj usted,and also capable of having the concaved ends of the gangs set toward or from each other, and whose ends are also capable of vibrating in vertical planes) with any form of mechanism or with any arrangements of parts that will receive the end-thrust or side pressure of the gangs at the end of the gang-axle in all positions assumed by them, when either angularly adjusted, vibrating to follow the ground, and when reversed to throw the earth toward or from eachother; and, so far as I am aware, I am also the iirst to mount a pair of independently revolving concave convex disks on a draft-frame and adapt said disks to operate in such relation to each other that those portions of their convex sides that are in front of their axles may occupy substantially parallel planes relatively to each other, (when angled to the draft,) and may revolve without Contact in such proximity as shall enable their front parallel sides to assist each other in splitting a row of corn-stumps (or other equivalent ridge) and their diverging rear sides to throw the divided substances in opposite directions and connect said disks with any mechanism which shall vary their angles simultaneously. The sliding mechanism on the pole, in combination with the gangs and mechanism for locking the slide in position, forms the subject-matter of another application, led March 11,'which is a division of this case. No claim is therefore made to such subject-matter herein.

I claim as my inventionl. In a harrow, reversible and vibratory disk-gangs, each connected by its frame to the draft-frame by a single pivot, which is unequally distant from a point midway between the ends of the disk-gang axles.

y 2. In a harrow, the combination of a draftframe with a disk-gang united thereto bya single pivot, which permits the disk-gang to vibrate to follow the inequalities of the ground, and also to be reversed for the purpose of throwing the earth in opposite directions.

3. In a harrow, a reversible journalbox IOO containing chambers capable of supplying oil to the bearing in either position of the diskgang.

4. A pole, main frame, and disk-gang capable of vertical vibration, angular adjustment, and of being reversed relatively to each other, in combination with an anti-friction device or other equivalent mechanism which permits the vibration and both adjustments of the gangs and resists their side-thrust.

5. The combination of a main frame, angularly-adjustable vertically-vibrating gangs of concavo-convex disks e0nnectedtl1erewith,ar ranged to throw the earth from the center of the machine, the gangs being arranged so that when their inner ends are adjusted to aworking angle relatively to the draft-line the forward edges of the inner disks of the gangs will be in the desired proximity without making contact between the gangs, and so as to adapt the said inner disks to split a row of corn-hills and throw the earth in opposite directions, and mechanism for adjusting the angle of the gangs relatively to the draft-line.

6. ln a disk-harrow, a draft-frame, diskgangs vibrating to follow the inequalities of the ground, and capable of being set t0 throw the earth either toward or from each other, flexible connections between the gangs and frame which can be adjusted laterally relatively to each other, in combination with mechanism for adjusting the outer ends of the gang either in front or in rear of a right angle relatively to the pole.

7. In a disk-barrow, the arrangement of a pole, cross-bar, two gangs of concave-convex disks attached to the cross-bar, and having their convex ends adapted to vibrate up and down in close proximity to each other, but

without contact.

8. In a disk-barrow, the combination of concave-convex disks in two gangs, having the convex end of one gang placed adjacent tothe convex end of its fellow gang, an axle for each gang having an enlargement at the convex end of its gang, spacing-spools between the disks, a nut at the concave end of the gang for clamping the axle, disks, and spools together, a pole and cross-bar on which the gangs are. mounted, and iiexible connections 5o between the cross-bar and gangs,whieh permit the convex ends oi the gangs to vibrate up and down in close proximity without contact between the enlargement of their axles, and said enlargements being adapted to opp ose 5 5 the strain of the nuts on the axles.

9. In a disk-harrow, the combination of a pole, a cross-bar, disk-gangs vibrating up aud down independently of each other, and capable of being set to throw the earth either to- 6o ward or from each other, pivots between the gangs and frame which are laterally adjustable ou the frame relatively to each other, mechanism mounted on the gang-bar for taking the side-thrust of the gangs directly on 6: the ends of the gang-axles, and devices for holding the outer ends of the gangs either in front or in rear of a right angle relatively to the pole.

10. In a disk-harrow, the combination of a 7o pole, a cross-bar, disk-gangs vibrating vertically independently of the cross-bar and of each other, and a stop for one gang adapted to limit the upward motion of said gang independently of the stop for its fellow gang.

11.. In a disk-harrow, the combination of a draft-frame, two concave convex disks revolving independently of each other, and having the portions of the convex sides in front of the axle adaptedto operate in substantially 8o parallel planes and in close proximity to each other, but without contact, and mechanism for simultaneouslyadjusting the angle of both disks.

CHARLES LA DOV.

Titnessesz ALEX. SELKIRK, ALEX. SELKIRK, Jr. 

